![]() Furthermore, daily snus users exhibit a chronically altered flow mediated dilation compared to non-users. Thus far, the acute biological effects found immediately following snus use are increased blood pressure and heart rate as well as endothelial dysfunction demonstrated by flow mediated dilation. Mechanistic studies investigating possible pathophysiological effects following chronic snus use are scarce. However, there are also studies that question these associations and which tend to be dismissive of the overall risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Īt present, several studies have demonstrated a link between snus use and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart failure as well as an increased mortality following myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. As the tobacco industry looks to establish these products in new markets, it has been greatly debated whether snus is a safer alternative to cigarette smoking. Since then, snus has been heavily marketed by tobacco companies towards several different potential customer groups including women, young adults as well chewing tobacco users. Snus was first introduced to the US market in 2006, initially only available in a handful of cities used as test markets. Therefore, until recently, this product has almost exclusively been found in the Scandinavian countries. Despite persistent and intense lobbying efforts by the tobacco industry to challenge this ban, the EU Advocate General has opted to uphold this legislation. As a result, snus is mainly manufactured in Sweden as well as in Norway, which is not an EU member. ![]() Although the sale of snus is prohibited within the European Union (EU), Sweden did negotiate an exemption to this rule upon joining in 1995. This regular usage of snus has been steadily increasing since 2010 in both sexes. Currently, approximately 22% of Swedish men and more than 4% of Swedish women use snus on a daily basis. In Sweden, the use of snus is widely spread and can be traced back to the beginning of the 18 th century. One such strategy is to advance the global market of Swedish moist snuff, a tobacco product placed under the lip, most commonly referred to as snus. In response to this, large transnational tobacco companies have been searching for alternative means of marketing and merchandising their product. The last decades of increasing regulations and improved public awareness have caused a dramatic decline in cigarette sales. The clear association between cigarette smoking and impaired health has for some time now been an unquestioned fact. ![]() These deaths are mainly attributed to heart and lung disease as well as various forms of cancer. Magnus Lundbäck is supported by a clinical post-doctoral support from Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭigarette smoking causes approximately 6 million deaths each year worldwide. ![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All files will be available from the OSF database.įunding: This work was supported by the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Heart-lung foundation, the Swedish Heart and Lung Association, the Tornspiran Foundation, Magnus Bergvall foundation and Västerbotten County Council. Received: DecemAccepted: Published: June 3, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Antoniewicz et al. PLoS ONE 17(6):Įditor: Rudolf Kirchmair, Medical University Innsbruck, AUSTRIA (2022) Chronic snus use in healthy males alters endothelial function and increases arterial stiffness. Citation: Antoniewicz L, Kabele M, Nilsson U, Pourazar J, Rankin G, Bosson JA, et al.
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